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Answer 1

The Ottoman Empire, about 1301 - 1922 carried Islam with it. The acquired northern portions of Africa from about 1512, through 1520, and held much of those areas in northern Africa until about 1683. From there, it's simply a matter of migration of the folks carrying Islam with them. The closest to the western part of Africa would be Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli (Libya).

Answer 2

While Answer 1 is entirely accurate as concerns when the Ottoman Empire arrived and which areas of Africa it conquered, that was not responsible for the original spread of Islam in Africa. (All of those areas were already majority-Muslim when the Ottomans conquered them.)

The arrival of Muslims by expansion and conquest of the Rightly-Guided and Umayyad Conquests came between the years 640-680 C.E. (with Egypt falling from the Byzantine Empire in 640 and Morocco acceding to union with the Umayyad Caliphate in 680 C.E. The drift to areas of Africa south of the Sahara, like Senegal, the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai Empires, etc. occurred in the following century of merchant exchanges with the North African areas. Islam became the dominant religion in West Africa (except along the southern coast of West Africa) by around 750-800 C.E. Exact dates are difficult to know since Islam spread by trade and commerce in these areas as opposed to conquest.

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