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The Spanish Armada made its disastrous foray against England in late July, 1588.

After being delayed by a 1587 attack on Cadiz by Sir Francis Drake, the armada finally sailed from Lisbon, Portugal on May 28, 1588. It did not reach the English Channel until July 19. The first attacks by the British fleet occurred on July 21 and 23, with two Spanish ships colliding and being abandoned. Unwilling to attack without being able to land its invasion force, the armada docked at Calais in France on July 27. On July 28, British forces made a fireship attack at night, scattering the enemy vessels, who then lost 5 warships in the Battle of Gravelines the following day. Harassed by the British, and unable to pick up the waiting army, the surviving ships looped around Scotland and Ireland to the west, encountering fierce gales that wrecked many more ships.

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