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* Profound cause: long period of decline since the great days of the Spanish Empire. Spain had made little progress, lost her empire, and fallen behind in the industrialization process * Deep divisions in Spanish society: * Landowners vs. Peasants. * Church vs. Anti-Clerical movements: the Church had enormous power in Spain and was opposed to social reform, this led to groups that sought to reduce the Church's influence. * Conservatives vs. Liberals. There was a lack of a political middle, and extremists elements were increasingly popular. * Massive divisions btw countryside and towns. * The Spanish army had a tradition of interfering in politics. * Long standing tradition of violence in Spanish politics, and democracy had never really been established (therefore parties tried to reverse election results through violence) * 'Democracy' in Spain had brought about corrupts Gov. and undermined the concept of democracy. (there was electoral fraud and continuing landlord control under Spanish 'democracy' ) * There was a desire for autonomy in several regions of Spain. Conservatives saw this as a threat to Spain. * Anarchism was a powerful force in Spain. * ---- The weaknesses of the Gov. of the Second Rep. (1930-36), its failure to carry out reforms, and to act against those that were plotting against the Republic. It also failed to maintain Law and Order. * Army concern at the possibility of a communist takeover. * The assassination of the right wing leader Calvo Sotelo in July 1936.

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8y ago

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