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The first extermination camp was at Chelmno. It began large-scale routine (as opposed to experimental) gassings on 8 December 1941, using sealed vans with the carbon monoxide exhaust diverted into the vans. The total death toll at Chelmno is estimated at about 152,000-153,000 and there are only two (!) known survivors.

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Concentration camps, originally established for political prrisoners, had been established already in March 1933. Dachau, near Munich, was the first concentration camp. It had a high death toll but it was not an extermination camp.

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14y ago

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