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The perspective that argues wars occur when a country or group believes the benefits will outweigh the costs is often associated with the rational choice theory in international relations. This theory posits that states act as rational actors, making calculated decisions based on perceived gains and losses. When the potential advantages of engaging in conflict surpass the anticipated costs, leaders may opt for war as a strategic choice. This viewpoint emphasizes the importance of cost-benefit analysis in understanding the motivations behind warfare.

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