The generals.
The farmers who made up the Roman army dwindled in numbers, so that by the time of the Germanic invasion, there were insufficient to repel them and it became necessary to recruit the non-propertied class. After discharge they had no farm to return to, so they had to rely on their generals to get them land or jobs, which empowered the generals and led to the civil wars.
In the third century they did not have a military advantage. The Roman army was better trained and more disciplined and won most of the battles. An advantage these peoples had is that there were many of these tribes and they lived along the long stretch of the vast frontiers of the Roman Empire in Europe. There were many raids, incursions and attempted invasions at distant points along the frontiers . This greatly overstretched the Roman army, and pot it under great strain. Nevertheless, repelled all of them. In the fifth century the advantage was that the Roman army had recruitment shortages and come to rely on mercenaries and that it became overstretched again. Some Germanic peoples invaded Gaul and the western part of the Roman Empire. The Roman army, which had to deal with a rebellion by their Visigoth allies and an invasion of Italy by other Goths (which was repelled) could not cope with an invasion of Gaul as well. Another advantage was that at this point the Romans lost political ccohesion and lacked the unity necessary to respond to these invasions effectively.
When the Germanic peoples invaded the western part of the Roman Empire the Romans lost political cohesion and were unable to respond to them. There were usurpations and a lot of infighting. Facing recruitment shortages, the Roman army had come to rely on Germanic mercenaries and of Germanic allies. Lands of the empire were also taken over by the Visigoths and the Franks, two Germanic allies who had been allowed to settle in parts of the empire. There were Germanic military commanders who established puppet emperors and held the actual power. Both the Germanic allies and the invaders came to play a part in the politics of the empire, causing further fragmentation.
The farmers who made up the Roman army dwindled in numbers, so that by the time of the Germanic invasion, there were insufficient to repel them and it became necessary to recruit the non-propertied class. After discharge they had no farm to return to, so they had to rely on their generals to get them land or jobs, which empowered the generals and led to the civil wars.
By 1960, the British government had decided that Britain should rely on a full time professional army and not be dependent on conscripts. The last National Servicemen was demobbed in 1963.
The Roman counsuls did not have absolute power during wartime, only a dictator had absolute power. The counsuls could lead and army and many times the senate authorized this. The counsul had the control of his army, but the power of the state was still in the hands of the senate.
Battle of Yarmuk had destroyed major power of Eastern Roman Empire's army in Syria. They couldn't rely on their Christian Arab anymore. Islamic Caliphate could easily capture Syria after this battle.
on a rely big ship with pirets
Trafalgar.
In the third century they did not have a military advantage. The Roman army was better trained and more disciplined and won most of the battles. An advantage these peoples had is that there were many of these tribes and they lived along the long stretch of the vast frontiers of the Roman Empire in Europe. There were many raids, incursions and attempted invasions at distant points along the frontiers . This greatly overstretched the Roman army, and pot it under great strain. Nevertheless, repelled all of them. In the fifth century the advantage was that the Roman army had recruitment shortages and come to rely on mercenaries and that it became overstretched again. Some Germanic peoples invaded Gaul and the western part of the Roman Empire. The Roman army, which had to deal with a rebellion by their Visigoth allies and an invasion of Italy by other Goths (which was repelled) could not cope with an invasion of Gaul as well. Another advantage was that at this point the Romans lost political ccohesion and lacked the unity necessary to respond to these invasions effectively.
In the third century they did not have a military advantage. The Roman army was better trained and more disciplined and won most of the battles. An advantage these peoples had is that there were many of these tribes and they lived along the long stretch of the vast frontiers of the Roman Empire in Europe. There were many raids, incursions and attempted invasions at distant points along the frontiers . This greatly overstretched the Roman army, and pot it under great strain. Nevertheless, repelled all of them. In the fifth century the advantage was that the Roman army had recruitment shortages and come to rely on mercenaries and that it became overstretched again. Some Germanic peoples invaded Gaul and the western part of the Roman Empire. The Roman army, which had to deal with a rebellion by their Visigoth allies and an invasion of Italy by other Goths (which was repelled) could not cope with an invasion of Gaul as well. Another advantage was that at this point the Romans lost political ccohesion and lacked the unity necessary to respond to these invasions effectively.
The farmers who made up the Roman army dwindled in numbers, so that by the time of the Germanic invasion, there were insufficient to repel them and it became necessary to recruit the non-propertied class. After discharge they had no farm to return to, so they had to rely on their generals to get them land or jobs, which empowered the generals and led to the civil wars.
Manufacturing was still young in America and very few of the supplies needed were produced here. The army had to rely on imports from Europe and what was captured.
In the third century they did not have a military advantage. The Roman army was better trained and more disciplined and won most of the battles. An advantage these peoples had is that there were many of these tribes and they lived along the long stretch of the vast frontiers of the Roman Empire in Europe. There were many raids, incursions and attempted invasions at distant points along the frontiers . This greatly overstretched the Roman army, and pot it under great strain. Nevertheless, repelled all of them. In the fifth century the advantage was that the Roman army had recruitment shortages and come to rely on mercenaries and that it became overstretched again. Some Germanic peoples invaded Gaul and the western part of the Roman Empire. The Roman army, which had to deal with a rebellion by their Visigoth allies and an invasion of Italy by other Goths (which was repelled) could not cope with an invasion of Gaul as well. Another advantage was that at this point the Romans lost political ccohesion and lacked the unity necessary to respond to these invasions effectively.
A central government is only an office; the states are the nation.
true.
Marius' reform created a professional army. Soldiers signed up for 16 years. Later this was extended to 20 and 25 years. The military became their life, they were stationed around the empire and were isolated from their relatives and from civilian life. They became loyal to their commanders.