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The US Army Air Force dropped atomic bombs on the two Japanese cities, as ordered by then-President of the US, Harry S. Truman.

During the final stages of World War II in 1945, the US conducted two atomic bombings against Japan, on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The bombs were built in the US with plutonium and uranium from mines in the Congo in Africa. The top-secret effort to build the bombs was the Manhattan Project.

"Little Boy" was the codename of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, on August 6, 1945. It was dropped from the "Enola Gay", a B-29 Superfortress bomber which was piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbets (retired as a General) of the 393rd Bombardment Squadron, Heavy, 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces.

"Fat Man" is the codename for the atomic bomb that was detonated over Nagasaki, Japan, on August 9, 1945, and was dropped from "Bockscar", another B-29 Superfortress bomber, this time piloted by Major Charles Sweeney, also of the 393d Bombardment Squadron, Heavy, 509th Composite Group.

The "Enola Gay" was named for Colonel Tibbets' mother, Enola Gay Tibbets. "Bockscar" is a pun, based on the word "boxcar", the aircraft being named after Captain Frederick C. Bock, aircraft commander of "Bockscar" (the pilot is not the same as the aircraft commander).

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