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The great inspirations of the Renaissance were artists and writers of the Late Middle Ages, which overlapped with the Renaissance to an extent.

My own feeling is that the greatest inspiration came from Giotto di Bondone who began working as an artist in the late 13th century and quickly became famous. The reason I say this is that Giotto's use of linear perspective was new and exciting, realistic, and rational. What I mean by rational is that it obeyed laws that were mathematically explained. This was a revelation to medieval thinkers, and I think it provided a powerful influence on later thinkers, up to and including Des Cartes. There was doubtless more than one person who asked whether, if visual art could be improved by rational though, why not everything else?

The Church inspired the Renaissance to some extent, by freeing scholars from scholastic bonds with the condemnations of 1210 to 1277. These condemnations made it possible for the scholars to explore new avenues of thought by banning teachings that were intellectually stagnant and unproductive, specifically teachings that disallowed empirical evidence.

Machiavelli, regardless of what one might think of him, sought to deal with political realities, rather than political ideals. While this might be cynical, wise government requires reality checks.

Dante was certainly a great influence. Others were vernacular authors in many different countries, including Chaucer, for example.

Among the other influences were the members if the Medici family. I think their influence in politics, as profoundly important as it was, was not as important as the influence they and people like them had in banking and commerce.

Another commercial influence was Marco Polo, whose story was published broadly in the early 14th century, not only in Italy, but as translated and published elsewhere. His travels and writings about them may have opened the eyes of Europeans in much the same way stories of returning crusaders had in earlier times. This influenced both trade and exploration.

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14y ago

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