The tanpura, a traditional Indian string instrument used in Classical Music, does not have a single inventor. Its origins can be traced back to ancient times, with mentions in texts like the "Natya Shastra" attributed to Bharata Muni. The instrument has evolved over centuries, influenced by various musical traditions and artisans, making it a collective creation rather than the invention of an individual.
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tanpura
The tanpura is typically made of wood, with a resonating body that produces the drone sound. The strings are usually made of steel and are plucked to create the characteristic continuous drone in Indian classical music.
There is a Sitar, a Tabla, a Shehnai, a Mridangam, a Harmonium and a Tanpura
A tanpura is typically made from wood, such as tun or teak, for the body. The bridge and strings are usually made from metal, such as steel or bronze. The instrument may also have decorative elements made from materials like ivory or mother-of-pearl.
A tanpura has 4 strings. the first one is of pa that is in the mandra saptak. the two in between are of madhya sa and the last one is of mandra sa. the two in between should sound exactly the same. hope this helps.
To play a tanpura, first, ensure it is properly tuned, typically to the notes of the raga being performed. The player sits comfortably, holding the instrument upright, and plucks the strings with the fingers or a plectrum. The tanpura is played continuously, focusing on maintaining a steady drone by striking the strings in a rhythmic manner. It's important to adjust the volume and tone to complement the melodic instruments or vocals in the performance.
One of the most famous tanpura players in India is Ustad Faiyaz Khan, renowned for his mastery of the instrument and contributions to Indian classical music. Another notable player is Ustad Ramesh Narayan, who has gained recognition for his skill and performances. Additionally, Tanpura is often played by many musicians accompanying vocalists and instrumentalists in concerts, making it an integral part of Indian classical music.
The tanpura produces a serene and rich drone sound characterized by its sustained, harmonic overtones. Its tone is warm and resonant, often described as soothing and meditative, providing a harmonic foundation for vocalists and instrumentalists in Indian classical music. The instrument typically has a slightly buzzing quality, which enhances its ethereal and calming effect during performances. Overall, the tanpura's sound creates a lush, immersive atmosphere that supports the intricate melodies of Indian music.
The tanpura is a traditional Indian string instrument primarily used in Hindustani classical music as a drone. It typically has four or five strings and is played by plucking while the instrument is held upright. Unlike other string instruments, the tanpura does not play melodies but provides a harmonic foundation that supports vocalists and instrumentalists. Its resonant sound is achieved through a hollow wooden body, often made from seasoned wood, which enhances the tonal quality.
One way ancient India influenced us is musical. Instruments like the Tambourine & Tambour evolved from the Tambora & Tanpura
There are many instruments of the lute family in India. There's the vina, thought to be the oldest musical instrument in southern India, but this is more of a zither than a lute. It is long, thin and usually has two gourd resonators underneath it, with 2-4 melodic strings and three unstopped drone strings. Next is the sarod, the most lute-like of Indian instruments. It is descended from the Arabic rabab and is unfretted. It has 4 melodic, 2 drone and 11-16 sympathetis strings. The next two are the most widely known and heard, the tanpura and sitar. These are the traditional instruments of an Indian ensemble. The tanpura has four strings and a long fretless neck. Its sole puropse is to unify the ensemble (tabla, sitar and tanpura) with a drone. The sitar is a large instrument like a bigger tanpura, but with moveable frets and 8-13 sympathetic strings. It also has five melodic and two drone strings. The repertory for the sitar is huge, made known by virtuosos such as Ravi Shankar. There are other lute-based instruments in India, such as the mayuri or surbahar, but these are much lesser known deviants of the main instruments mentioned.
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