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John Horse (1812 - 1882), also known as Juan Caballo and Gopher John, was a military advisor to Osceola and a leader of Black Seminole contingents against United States troops during the Seminole Wars in Florida. He led a number of Black Seminoles first to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma), and later to Mexico, where they achieved freedom in 1850, years before the American Civil War. Of Seminole and African-American descent, after the American Civil War, Horse served as a scout for the United States Army in the West.

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15y ago

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