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After the reign of Hadrian the majority of soldiers in the Roman army were non-Roman allies who fought as auxiliaries. The soldiers of the Roman legions were Roman citizens. You had to be a Roman citizen to join the legions. The Romans also had allied troops. There were non-roman allies who served as auxiliaries, troops which supported the legions. The allies provided the bulk of the cavalry.

Up to the reign of Hadrian (reigned 117-138 AD) the Roman army had the same number of legionaries and auxiliaries (125,000 each). Under Septimius Severus (reigned 193-211 AD) Severus there were 180,000 legionaries and 250,000 auxiliaries.

The auxiliary troops greatly increased the pool of military manpower available to Rome. The auxiliaries were paid less than the legionaries and served longer (25 years versus 20). Upon discharge from service, the auxiliary soldiers were granted Roman citizenship.

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