Who was the big winner in the war of the spanish succession 1701-1713?

Answer 1

The big winner of the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713) was the Grand Alliance, primarily composed of England, the Dutch Republic, and Austria. The war ended with the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, which curtailed French expansion and established a balance of power in Europe. As a result, Great Britain emerged as a significant colonial power, gaining territories such as Gibraltar and Newfoundland, while France retained the Spanish throne but had to accept that the two crowns would remain separate.