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President Calvin Coolidge nominated Genevieve Rose Clineas the first woman to serve on a federal court when he named her to the US Customs Court in 1928. The Senate resisted Cline's nomination, but eventually commissioned her to the bench on June 5, 1928.

Florence Ellinwood Allen became the first woman to serve on an Article III (constitutional) court when President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed her to the US Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. The Senate approved Allen's nomination on March 6, 1934.

Constance Baker Motley was the first African-American woman to serve as a judge in the federal court system. President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed her to to the US District Court for the Southern District of New York, in Manhattan, in 1966.

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