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There were well over one thousand men who served as brigadier generals or higher during the war, over 600 for the Union and about 425 for the Confederacy.

The highest ranking Union general was Ulysses Grant, who was a lieutenant general (three stars). He was the only one in the Union army at this rank. All other Union generals were major generals (two stars) or brigadier generals (one star). George Washington had been a lieutenant general in the Revolution and out of reverence for his memory the Union army believed that no one should have the same rank as Washington. This caused problems as some men promoted early in the war to major general (two stars) did not work out to be good commanders, but there they were with seniority over all later-appointed major generals. For this reason Grant was finally made a three star in March, 1864, so he would clearly outrank all other Union generals.

The Confederacy had no problems with raising officers to three star and four star rank. There were eight full generals (four stars) in the Confederate army, in order of seniority Samuel Cooper, Albert Sidney Johnston, Robert E. Lee, Joseph E. Johnston, Pierre G. T. Beauregard, Braxton Bragg, Edmund Kirby Smith and John Bell Hood. There were over thirty three star Confederate generals.

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