I'd say there was no winner. The USSR did collapse later on mainly because it did not have funds coming into its nuclear program like the US did.
But let's just consider the Cold War just as it is.
Reagan getting credit for the end of the Cold War is just incorrect because the final end of the Cold War was in the time of JFK.
Russia did take it's missiles out of Cuba as JFK asked but let's face it, the USSR wasn't going to launch an attack. And even if it was, it didn't need to be 26 or so miles away from it's target, it could have guided it eastward from the Soviet Union (If they could sent sputnik I and II our of earth's atmosphere, they could have launched a missile to the US). Reagan started negotiations with Gorbachev but in the end, Kennedy finished it.
Gorbachev played a very significant role, which Americans tend to ignore but it has to be noted that the US was in shock after the first sputnik launch. Gorbachev on the other hand was no Stalin. He was quite a peaceful man who sought to put an end to the war and give the Soviet Union a chance at peace after the long devastation under the hands of Hitler and then Stalin.
I don't see Gorbachev as having any intention at firing the nuclear weapons because the U.S. couldn't afford an attack like that and a retaliation could have very well ended in Armageddon for the entire world. The USSR put the missiles in Cuba just to get it out and in return, the US had to give up several "leverages" that it had on the USSR in terms of weapons.
And after the fall of the Soviet Union, the U.S. continued and still continues to make weapons of mass destruction.
China did with support from the U.S. and Soviet Union
Lenin created the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (the USSR or Soviet Union) after the Russian Civil war ended in 1923-1924.
The Soviet Union
The counterrevolutionary "White Armies" were one after the other defeated. The Bolsheviks won the Civil War and Russia became the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics.
The significance of it was so that they both could see who was better.The Soviet Union won the race.
The cold war ended by the fall of the soviet union in 1991, and the cold war it is broken into many other categories in the Space race the Soviets won by number of achievements, but the US got to the moon first. In the nuclear race the Soviet Union won by developing the most powerful and numerous nuclear weapons in the world (Tsar Bomb, Topol M missiles). But in the stability and the country that is still standing is the US.
The Cold War was between the US (and its allies) against the Soviet Union (and its allies). It started in 1945, immediately after WWII. This is because at the end of WWII, the US and Soviet Union proved to be the only two world powers, and the Cold War was a "war" to see who would come out the most powerful. The United States won the "war" in 1991.
The allies Soviet Union
China did with support from the U.S. and Soviet Union
The race to the moon was primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, in 1957, prompting the U.S. to accelerate its space program and eventually culminating in the Apollo moon landing by the U.S. in 1969.
If You are referring to the Soviet struggle in World War 2, then the answer is that Stalin did not surrender.The Soviet Union, together with her western allies - won the war.
Lenin created the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (the USSR or Soviet Union) after the Russian Civil war ended in 1923-1924.
The United States, United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and the remaining Allied Powers won World War II.
the soviet union ended it when they won the battle of berlin in 1945.
The Allies (United States of America, Soviet Union, Great Britain and its commonwealth) won the war.
There was no clear victor of the Cold War between Soviet Russia and the United States. This is mainly because both sides suffered defeats and gained victories. While Soviet Russia was the first to launch a human, Yuri Gagarin, into space, many of the Soviet scientists had taken ideas from U.S. scientists. In addition to this, the Soviet Union had to endure defeat as the Berlin Wall was demolished. So, an answer to your question: there was no winner or loser.
The Soviet Union