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It has to do with the way the pigment organelles, or melanosomes, within the skin cells are distributed. In the skin cells of most of the body (glabrous skin), the melanosomes are all basically separate, while in skin cells of the palms and soles (volar skin), the melanosomes tend to form into complexes-basically just groups of previously ordinary melanosomes all enveloped in another membrane. Something about the way these groups operate, or simply something about the way they appear on a macroscopic level, is different from the way individual, ungrouped melanosomes are, leading to lighter colours.

This same difference in colour actually occurs in Caucasian people as well as Africans and African-Americans, but because Caucasian people tend to have mostly these grouped melanosomes in both types of skin instead of having only free-floating pigment bags in the glabrous skin, the difference in colour between their palms and the rest of their skin is much subtler.

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What color are Africans?

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The darker skin color of many Africans is primarily due to higher melanin production, which provides protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. This adaptation evolved in response to the intense sunlight in equatorial regions, where UV exposure is greater. In contrast, populations in Europe and Asia, where sunlight is less intense, have lighter skin, which allows for better vitamin D synthesis in low UV environments. Thus, skin color variations are largely a result of evolutionary adaptations to different environmental conditions.


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