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Stalin needed to increase the country's industrial and agricultural capacity and do it quickly so he instituted the Five Year Plans. He realized that the Soviet Union was still a backward nation compared to the western world in both industry and agriculture. He gave a speech on February 4, 1931, he explained some reasons why the first one had been started.

First he pointed out that Russia had been conquered by the Mongols, Turks, Swedes, Poles, Anglo-French and the Japanese primarily because it was militarily, culturally, industrially and agriculturally backward compares to those capitalist states. As long as that condition persisted, the Soviet Union would be vulnerable to further attacks. In the speech he stated:

"We have fallen behind the advanced countries by fifty to a hundred years. We must close that gap in ten years. Either we do this or we will be crushed."

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