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After gaining independence, many African nations faced significant challenges that contributed to their economic failures. These included a lack of infrastructure, political instability, and the persistence of colonial-era economic structures that prioritized exports of raw materials over local development. Additionally, corruption and mismanagement, along with external debt and reliance on foreign aid, further hindered sustainable economic growth. Consequently, many countries struggled to establish stable governance and effective economic policies, leading to prolonged economic difficulties.

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