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The Winter Solstice or Midwinter occurres around December 21 or 22 each year in the Northern hemisphere, and June 21 or 22 in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the shortest day and the longest night of the year, when the sun is at its greatest distance from the equatorial plane. Worldwide, interpretation of the event varies from culture to culture, but most hold a recognition of rebirth, involving festivals, gatherings, rituals or other celebrations. Many cultures celebrate or celebrated a holiday near (within a few days) of the winter solstice; examples of these include Christmas, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, New Years, and many other festivals of light.

Ancient Greeks celebrated Cronia/ Κρόνεια and ancient Romans Saturnalia

The Romans held a festival on December 25 called Dies Natalis Solis Invicti, "the birthday of the unconquered sun." The use of the title Sol Invictus allowed several solar deities to be worshipped collectively, including Elah-Gabal, a Syrian sun god; Sol, the god of Emperor Aurelian (AD 270-274); and Mithras, a soldiers' god of Persian origin.[1] Emperor Elagabalus (218-222) introduced the festival, and it reached the height of its popularity under Aurelian, who promoted it as an empire-wide holiday.[2]

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