Phillis Wheatley is significant as the first published African American female poet, whose work challenged the prevailing notions of race and gender in the 18th century. Born in West Africa and enslaved in America, she gained recognition for her poignant poetry, which often addressed themes of freedom, religion, and human rights. Her literary achievements not only provided a voice for enslaved individuals but also contributed to the broader discourse on liberty and equality, making her an important figure in American literature and history. Wheatley's legacy continues to inspire discussions about race, identity, and the power of art.