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In the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) Italy and Germany sent troops and military aircraft to support the Fascist rebel forces, led by Franco. (The Soviet Union sent a smaller number of 'military advisers' to the Republican side. In addition, many socialist volunteers from a vast range of countries fought for the Republic). It's sometimes said that the Germans experimented with 'blitzkrieg' tactics - the close co-ordination of ground forces with aircraft, espeically dive bombers. Moreover, on 26 April 1937 the Basque market-town of Guernica in north-west Spain was the scene of the first large-scale air-raid on a civilian target. The raid was carried out by the Italian and, more particularly, German airforces. An estimated 1,650 civilians were killed and about a further 900 (?) seriously wounded. The events are remembered in a famous painting by Pablo Picasso. See the Related Link for "Wikipedia: Bombing of Guernica" to the right for information on the bombing of Guernica. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Guernica

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