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The second phase of the French Revolution, often referred to as the Radical Phase, occurred due to increasing discontent with the moderate reforms of the early revolution and the rising threats from both internal and external enemies. Economic hardship, political instability, and the fear of counter-revolution fueled radical groups like the Jacobins, who sought more profound social and political changes. The execution of King Louis XVI in 1793 marked a shift toward more extreme measures, leading to the Reign of Terror, where perceived enemies of the revolution were ruthlessly suppressed. This phase ultimately aimed to defend the revolution against its adversaries and implement a more egalitarian society.

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