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Because Christianity developed in the Roman Empire, at the beginning Christian artists used Greco-Roman art. The first mention of "Christian" art is near the beginning of the 2nd century. Tertullian described depictions of a shepherd on Christian cups which he saw as reminiscent of the parable of the Good Shepherd. Clement of Alexandria said that Chrisitan seals should only have a dove, a fish or a ship and that swords, bows and the faces of idols were not allowed. All of these were Greco-Roman motifs which were used by non-Christians. Even the Good Shepherd theme had a Greek prototype, the Ram-Bearer which represented Hermes, the shepherd of souls. The Christians used some Greco-Roman depictions and gave them Chrisitan significance. Therefore, in the 1stcentury there was an art which used symbols which could be either no-Christians or Christian depending on the used context. Later the Christians used a more restricted and specific range of symbols which became more closely associated with Christianity, but had Greco-Roman and non-Christian prototypes or affinities with them.

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