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The US Civil War Battle of Stone's River was important in several ways. The first element of this battle to consider was the high number of casualties that were suffered on both sides. The three day battle was also noteworthy in that Confederate General Braxton Bragg had no qualms about being the aggressor and initiated a strong assault on December 31, 1862. Further more it displayed an element that is seldom given credit in historical accounts in the war, namely artillery. The account of this battle is also important in that it was a battle in the Western Theater that is so often downplayed in comparisons to battles fought in the East.

Some key elements of the battle are as follows:


1. At dawn on December 31, Confederate General William J. Hardee begins an assault against Union troops commanded by General Alexander McCook. At first Rebels push back the Federals but later their defense stiffens. Bragg would like to finish off the left flank of the widely spread Union force and sends in General Leonidas Polk to make the assault a rout;

2. At dawn on January 1, 1863, Union General Horatio Phillips Van Cleve crosses Stone's River. He must change all of his plans in that General McCook needs reinforcements from McClelve who remains under pressure.

3. Union General Rosencrans's entire battle plans are now changed as he must insure that McCleve can help McCook from being destroyed;

4. Van Cleve's forces help, however, the assault by Hardee and Polk continue to push back McCook's unit. The good news for the Union is that General Sheridan holds the Nashville Pike and the Federals rally;

5. Union generals Thomas and Crittenden and Thomas Have been brought in to stop the Confederate's advance;

6. On the far easter front of the battle, Bragg himself leads an assault on the Union's left flank;

7. Bragg's early success weakens as once again Union troops rally and now Bragg is under heavy artillery fire and cannot remain in that position; and

8. Bragg chooses to disengage and retreat to Tullahoma, Tennessee.


The battle is over and both sides claim victory in what military historians label the battle as a technical draw.


The importance of this battle significant to Washington DC, as it has claimed a victory not long after it tremendous loss at Fredericksburg in Virginia. The importance of artillery is highlighted and from a Union prospective, at that time, Bragg's attempt to recapture important territory in Tennessee has been ended.



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