Modernism was a response to which historical event?

What was slavery like in Europe? Which explorer traveled through the Western U.S. in search of the seven cities of gold? Which remained strongly organized and grew more powerful as the Western Roman Empire collapsed? What was Mithras the roman god of? Where does the name Killian come from? What is the difference between a conquistador and a caudillo? During the time of the crusades what new European nation gained importance? The goal of the Crusades was? What is a samnite? How did the Europeans get to know about the spices from the east? What is the difference between a villein and a freeman from the medieval times? How many people could an amphitheater hold? What was the third crusade nickname? Which 3 western European countries border the iron curtain? Why did Stalin in ww2 want an invasion of western Europe so badly? What name is better York or Yorke? When did coal replace wood as a chief energy source? Who invented porcelian? What is a legend based on? Where does the name willie come from?