It is not known exactly, but branding supposedly has its roots in ancient Egypt as a means to determine which livestock were owned by which man without having to keep them in a fenced area, which was nonexistent at that time.
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Many would brand their cattle with branding-irons which would identify the cattle by brand .
because of the civil war which was between 1861-1865
It was a point to sell cattle
Cowhands led cattle drives in the 1860's to move cattle from the southwest to the nearest rail station where the cattle could be carried north. Cattle were worth about 3 times in the north what they were in the south.
Because they could go longer distances and because bufallo were gettin scarced, and they didnt need much water either when they traveled these distance, the best cattle was the longhorn cattle because this cattle oculd stand the "texas fever" which was a deadly disease to cattle back then.