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According to the Tanakh and Jewish tradition, Esther was the heroine and central figure in the Biblical book of Esther. She was a beautiful Jewish woman, who became the wife of the Persian king Ahasuerus (Xerxes I) several decades after the destruction of the First Temple. She and her cousin Mordecai (who once saved the king's life) persuaded the king to cancel an order for the extermination of the Jews in his vast realm, plotted by the king's chief minister, Haman. Instead, Haman was hanged on the gallows he had built for Mordecai, and the Jews were given permission to destroy their enemies. The Jewish festival of Purim celebrates this event. According to tradition, the book of Esther was written in the mid-4th century BCE while the last prophets were still alive (Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi), and was part of the canon which was sealed not long after.

Additional facts: Esther was a Jewess, who lived during the Babylonian exile. When Esther was orphaned, she was then adopted by her cousin Mordecai, who became her foster father. When Queen Vashti refused to go to Ahasuerus (in Chapter 1), Memucan, a Persian royal advisor, advised King Ahasuerus to remove Vashti from being Queen of Persia, and King Ahasuerus agreed to his advice. In Esther Chapter 2, royal eunuchs advised Ahasuerus to look for a new queen, a virgin. Esther was the best-looking one, and Ahasuerus picked her to replace Vashti.

According to Jewish tradition, Esther was queen for about 11 years.

The name of Mordechai is considered identical to the name Marduka, which is attested as the name of officials in the Persian court in the Persepolis Texts from the period of Xerxes I. One of these officials might very well be the biblical Mordecai.

The grave of Mordecai and Esther still stands in Hamadan; and the Jews of Iran, to this day, are referred to as "the children of Esther."

For the name of Esther, a number of etymologies are possible.

1) Esther comes from the Persian "setareh," meaning "star".

2) Esther comes from the Aramaic "istahar," meaning "moon." Beautiful as the moon (Talmud, Megillah 13a).

3) Esther comes from the Semitic root aθtar (ath-tar), "morning star." There is support for this too in the Talmud (Yoma 29a).

4) Esther comes from the Median "astra," meaning "myrtle." The book of Esther (2:7) states that she had both names, Esther and Myrtle (Hadassah in Hebrew).

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Did Queen Esther have any children?

A:The Book of Esther does not record any children of Queen Esther. There is no record anywhere in the Persian records of a Queen Esther, and historians say that King Xerxes was married to Queen Amestris at the very time the Book says he divorced Queen Vashti and married Esther, remaining married to her for at least the next several years. So we can not look for answers in the Bible or in history. A Jewish tradition holds that Esther had one son, Darius II. It is true that we do not know the name of the mother of Darius II, but she could not have been Queen Esther. Darius II was known as Darius Nothus (Darius the bastard) because his mother was a concubine, Artaxerxes having no surviving legitimate heir, and therefore Darius II would could not have been the son of a legitimate queen. If Esther really was married to Xerxes as stated in the Book of Esther, she would have been a legitimate queen, not a concubine. Thus, the final word comes from biblical scholars, who say that the Book of Esther was a second-century-BCE Jewish novel. The author did not intend Queen Esther to have had children.Answer:It is true that the book of Esther does not record her having had any children but we might assume that she did have children. After all King Xerxes (Ahasuerus) was besotten by Esther when he first set his eyes on her. Every King likes to leave seed, i.e. children who would take over the family name when he is gone; so it is not hard to imagine that Esther had children. According to Ohr Somayach:"While we do not know a lot about what happened to Esther, one thing that we do know is that she had a son, Darius, who became King Darius II. She brought him up to be favorable to the Jews and he eventually lifted the ban against the rebuilding of the Beit Hamikdash (Holy Temple), which led to the building of the Second Temple."The Persians kept historical records, but some were lost over time. One has to imagine that either this was recorded (of Esther's son) or was not recorded at all.I find the Bible to be an accurate piece of history. We should not doubt the Bible which is the written word of God.


What years did Esther in the Bible live?

Esther became queen during the reign of Ahasuerus, also known as Xerxes I, who reigned 486-465BC. It is not possible to exactly know her birth and death dates, but this does place her in this time period.


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One can read The scroll of Esther (especially in Hebrew) and can find very strong symbolism in its writing, for instance: Esther the name is quite interesting; there was a Zarathustra (the ancient religion in Persia) goddess named Ishtar. (there was also a Zarathustra god name Murdoch which resemble Mordecai). Esther can also be read as "hide" in Hebrew - which is set with the role of god in the events of the scroll (a hidden intervention in history). The scroll of Esther is special in that: it doesn't discusses god. To conclude in Jewish studying of the bible the tradition is that you read the text many times and can find new meanings in it, you start however, in reading it "pshat" - simplified - and only then you can research it more. The scroll is to be read as a regular story.


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The Book of Esther says that Esther was the cousin and adopted daughter of Mordecai from the tribe of Benjamin. Hence, Esther would have been from the same tribe.Esther 25 Now there was in the citadel of Susa a Jew of the tribe of Benjamin, named Mordecai son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish, 6 who had been carried into exile from Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, among those taken captive with Jehoiachin king of Judah. 7 Mordecai had a cousin named Hadassah, whom he had brought up because she had neither father nor mother. This girl, who was also known as Esther, was lovely in form and features, and Mordecai had taken her as his own daughter when her father and mother died.


Can you distinguish between a historical event presented in folktale style and a folktale that purports to describe a historical event?

A:This can be difficult, especially if the folktale has come to be believed not only to be true but divinely inspired; even more difficult if the person seeking to make that judgement has also learnt to believe in the folktale. It becomes easier as we learn more about ancient history and can at least establish how consistent the story is with broader history. Three such cases are the Old Testament Books of Daniel, Esther and Job. The Books of Daniel and Esther are classified as historical novels, as they place fictitious material in a general historical context, while the Book of Job would be a straight novel. For those who do not believe in miracles, it has always been easy to accept that the Book of Daniel is merely a folktale. Historians have added to this that the book is too inconsistent with what they know about the period of the Babylonian Exile for it to be historical. The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls has put the seal on this, as one of the scrolls contains early Jewish propaganda that demonstrates how historical events became distorted over the centuries, until a purely fictional account was written down in Daniel.The Book of Esther explains how Esther married King Ahasuerus (Xerxes) of Persia after he divorced his first wife Vashti, thereby becoming queen of Persia. In real life, the marriage never actually happened, because there was never either a Queen Vashti nor a Queen Esther of Persia. Historically, no one called Vashti or Esther was queen of Persia. King Xerxes was married to Queen Amestris at the very time that the book says he divorced Vashti and married Esther, and remained married to Amestris for at least the next several years. Scholars say that the Book of Esther was a second-century-BCE Jewish novel.The Book of Job is harder to distinguish, except for scholars. Of course, reason tells us that a human author could never know of discussions held in heaven, but those who believe the book's place in the Bible means it must be true say that God told the author what to write. Internal evidence shows the book to have been written after the Babylonian Exile, but it does contain some pre-Exilic material.Other books in the Bible contain material that purports to be historical, and each event must be evaluated on its merits, to establish whether it is really historical or merely legend. Sometimes the historical record allows us to distinguish historical material from legend with relative ease, but in other cases it requires painstaking research.An interesting parallel is found in the epics of Homer, the Iliad and the Odyssey, which were long thought to be purely folktales. The discovery of the ruins of Troy show them to contain at least a kernel of history, although once again the reported involvement of deities is unlikely.


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