Cost of packaging is included in the price of the product and hence is borne by the ultimate consumer.
Dumping is a technique in which you capture a market by selling goods below cost. So, anti-dumping means that a trade agreement is made to prohibit dumping.
Dumping
Dumping.
Producing wastes that are toxic to animals
A change of venue is a court decision, and if granted, the cost is borne by the court system.
A change of venue is a court decision, and if granted, the cost is borne by the court system.
teh total cost of producing a good exceeds the costs borne by the producer
I believe it is 'borne'
Private costs can also be borne by producers. For example: A consumer buys a unit of good, the private cost of him is mainly the price of the good. A producer supplies a unit of good, the private cost of it is the cost of production. There should be no definite answer for "who bears the private cost?". Social costs = Private costs + External costs. It's born by both consumers and producers. Look up external costs in the internet.
In most cases, receiving a phone call does not cost the person being contacted. The cost is typically borne by the caller or covered under a phone plan agreement.
The determination of which costs are born by the consumer of manufacturer often depends on the position of the company. If they are trying to increase sales by undercutting the competition they will often bear more of the cost. However, eventually all costs will have to be borne by the consumer in order for the company to stay in business.