"Night soil" is a traditional sewage disposal method in rural agricultural locations. The contents of chamber pots is gathered and worked into the soil The obvious problem is that workers in the fields and people who eat the food produced in the field can get diseases that are carried by the waste.
In modern cities treated sewage (after biological treatment and digestion) is often applied to open areas (Golf courses and pastures) as fertilizer. The problem of disease is reduced by the treatment but sanitary sewage in cities is often contaminated with heavy metals like chrome and Mercury.
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Energy sources, soil enrichment, and specialty paper are benefits of manure. For example, manure can be generated into amendments (compost, fertilizer, mulch), bio-energy, and dung-originated paper (especially from elephants and pandas).
Chicken manure is very high in Nitrogen so it is best used as an accelerator for a compost heap.