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How do you xxplain the major infrastructure elements and tools of e-supply chain management?
Electronic data interchange (EDI). EDI (see Online Tutorial T11) is the major tool used by large corporations to facilitate supply chain relationships. Many companies are shifting from traditional EDI to internet-based EDI.
Extranets. These are described in Online Tutorial T11. Their major purpose is to support interorganizational communication and collaboration. For details on success factors for using extranets in e-SCM, see en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Extranet.
Intranets. These are the corporate internal networks for communication and collaboration.
Corporate portals. These provide a gateway for external and internal collaboration, communication, and information search.
Workflow systems and tools. These are systems that manage the flow of information in organizations.
Groupware and other collaborative tools. Many tools facilitate collaboration and communication between two parties and among members of small as well as large groups (see Online Tutorial T10). Various tools, some of which are collectively known as groupware, enable such collaboration. Blogs and wikis are beginning to play an important role (see the Eastern Mountain Sports opening case in Chapter 2). A major purpose of these tools is to provide visibility to all, namely, let people know where items are and when they arrive at certain locations.
Identification and tracking tools. These tools are designed to identify items and their location along the supply chain. From a traditional bar code system, we are moving to RFID, as we will describe in Chapter 11 and Online Tutorial T3. Wireless and GPS technologies (Chapter 6) are also increasing in popularity.
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