Upon looking back to the late 1800s during the dawn of the New Industrial Revolution, historians have often portrayed the capitalists of this era in American history as captains of industry. Industries that were built by men such as Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan, and John D. Rockefeller led to the eventual greater good for all and opened doors for advancements in aspects of American life such as communication, trade, technology, and social standards. Had it not been for the births of the corporations these men created, the United States as a whole would not have stepped up to and surpassed its international competitors and would not be as independent as it is today. Vanderbilt welded together and expanded the older eastern railroad networks and began the trend of replacing old iron tracks with steel rail by first doing it on his New York Central rail line. By 1877, New York Central operated along more than forty-five hundred miles of track. Andrew Carnegie the steel king was producing one-fourth of the nation's Bessemer steel by 1900. Carnegie also founded the entrepreneurial method of vertical integration, which combined all phases of manufacturing into one organization with the goal of improving efficiency by making supplies more reliable, controlling the quality of the product at all stages of production, and elimination middlemen's fees. J.P. Morgan later bought Carnegie out for over 400 million dollars and launched America's first billion dollar corporation in 1901, United States Steel Corporation. In the 1870s, kerosene was America's fourth most valuable export, thanks to John D. Rockefeller, who dominated the oil industry and started the Standard Oil Company in 1870. Quite obviously, these men succeeded beyond their wildest dreams; they built their companies from the bottom up and helped America flourish into the free-market capitalist society it boasts today. Together, these men rose to the top and in doing so, pioneered and perfected techniques of mass production and commerce that are still used to this very day.
John Davison Rockefeller (July 8, 1839 - May 23, 1937) was an American industrialist. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. In 1870, he founded the Standard Oil Company and aggressively ran it until he officially retired in 1897.[1] Standard Oil began as an Ohio partnership formed by John D. Rockefeller, his brother William Rockefeller, Henry Flagler, Jabez Bostwick, chemist Samuel Andrews, and a silent partner, Stephen V. Harkness. As kerosene and gasoline grew in importance, Rockefeller's wealth soared, and he became the world's richest man and first American billionaire.[2] He is often regarded as the richest person in history.[3][4][5][6]Rockefeller spent the last 40 years of his life in retirement. His fortune was mainly used to create the modern systematic approach of targeted philanthropy with foundations that had a major effect on medicine, education, and scientific research.[citation needed]His foundations pioneered the development of medical research, and were instrumental in the eradication of hookworm and yellow fever. He is also the founder of both the University of Chicago and Rockefeller University. He was a devoted Northern Baptist and supported many church-based institutions throughout his life. Rockefeller adhered to total abstinence from alcohol and tobacco throughout his life.[7]He had four daughters and one son; John D. Rockefeller, Jr. "Junior" was largely entrusted with the supervision of the foundations.
Japan and the United States pioneered the development of new industries by using microbes in factories. Both countries have been early adopters of biotechnology and have a history of incorporating microbial processes into industries such as pharmaceuticals, food production, and renewable energy.
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The word pioneered comes from the description of a 'pioneer' who is a person who sets out to go somewhere, or do domething no one has ever done before. Flemming pioneered the development of antibiotics in medicine following his discovery of penicillin. Astronauts on the Space Shuttle pioneered the opportunity for repeated space flight.
Calculus was pioneered by Sir Issac Newton, followed by Gottfried Leibniz.
Sfumato was pioneered by Da Vinci.
Keith Bontrager is a motorcycle racer and has done this since 1965. However he pioneered in the development in mountain bikes and was president of the business Bontrager.
Moseley pioneered work by deducing the numbers of protons in nuclei.
Dadaism was pioneered by a group of artists and writers in Zurich, Switzerland, during World War I, including Hugo Ball, Tristan Tzara, and Emmy Hennings. Hugo Ball is often credited with founding the Cabaret Voltaire, a venue that played a central role in the early development of Dadaism.
Paul Baran is known to the grandfather of the Internet. He pioneered the development of computer networks and was one of the two independent inventors of packet switched computer networking.
Many communication technologies were pioneered during World War I, the most notable of which was radio. Other technologies used then were telegraph and newspapers.
The Renaissance artist who pioneered the use of perspective in his works was Filippo Brunelleschi.
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