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The first modern industries in India were established during the British colonial period, primarily in the late 19th century. The cotton textile industry began in Bombay (now Mumbai) in the 1850s, with the establishment of mills such as the Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company. The Jute industry took root in Calcutta (now Kolkata) around the 1850s as well, while iron and steel production started with the Tata Iron and Steel Company in Jamshedpur in 1907. These developments marked the beginnings of industrialization in India.

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