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What is meant by 'backing up information'?
Depends on the context of the phrase. In the use of computers, backing up information, means to save it in more than one place incase something happens to one type of storage you used (i.e. hard drive crashes) Or if another context such as saying, "I am a great cook", backing up your information, could mean to show proof. which in this case would be to offer a dish.
Compare and contrast traditional file system and computerized database approach?
Comparison of Traditional File-Based Approach and Database ApproachAt the beginning, you should understand the rationale of replacing the traditional file-based system with the database system.File-based SystemFile-based systems were an early attempt to computerize the manual filing system. File-based system is a collection of application programs that perform services for the end-users. Each program defines and manages its data.However, five types of problem are occurred in using the file-based approach:Separation and isolation of dataWhen data is isolated in separate files, it is more difficult for us to access data that should be available. The application programmer is required to synchronize the processing of two or more files to ensure the correct data is extracted.Duplication of dataWhen employing the decentralized file-based approach, the uncontrolled duplication of data is occurred. Uncontrolled duplication of data is undesirable because:i. Duplication is wastefulii. Duplication can lead to loss of data integrityData dependenceUsing file-based system, the physical structure and storage of the data files and records are defined in the application program code. This characteristic is known as program-data dependence. Making changes to an existing structure are rather difficult and will lead to a modification of program. Such maintenance activities are time-consuming and subject to error.Incompatible file formatsThe structures of the file are dependent on the application programming language. However file structure provided in one programming language such as direct file, indexed-sequential file which is available in COBOL programming, may be different from the structure generated by other programming language such as C. The direct incompatibility makes them difficult to process jointly.Fixed queries / proliferation of application programsFile-based systems are very dependent upon the application programmer. Any required queries or reports have to be written by the application programmer. Normally, a fixed format query or report can only be entertained and no facility for ad-hoc queries if offered.File-based systems also give tremendous pressure on data processing staff, with users' complaints on programs that are inadequate or inefficient in meeting their demands. Documentation may be limited and maintenance of the system is difficult. Provision for security, integrity and recovery capability is very limited.Database ApproachIn order to overcome the limitations of the file-based approach, the concept of database and the Database Management System (DMS) was emerged in 60s.AdvantagesA number of advantages of applying database approach in application system are obtained including:Control of data redundancyThe database approach attempts to eliminate the redundancy by integrating the file. Although the database approach does not eliminate redundancy entirely, it controls the amount of redundancy inherent in the database.Data consistencyBy eliminating or controlling redundancy, the database approach reduces the risk of inconsistencies occurring. It ensures all copies of the idea are kept consistent.More information from the same amount of dataWith the integration of the operated data in the database approach, it may be possible to derive additional information for the same data.Sharing of dataDatabase belongs to the entire organization and can be shared by all authorized users.Improved data integrityDatabase integrity provides the validity and consistency of stored data. Integrity is usually expressed in terms of constraints, which are consistency rules that the database is not permitted to violate.Improved securityDatabase approach provides a protection of the data from the unauthorized users. It may take the term of user names and passwords to identify user type and their access right in the operation including retrieval, insertion, updating and deletion.Enforcement of standardsThe integration of the database enforces the necessary standards including data formats, naming conventions, documentation standards, update procedures and access rules.Economy of scaleCost savings can be obtained by combining all organization's operational data into one database with applications to work on one source of data.Balance of conflicting requirementsBy having a structural design in the database, the conflicts between users or departments can be resolved. Decisions will be based on the base use of resources for the organization as a whole rather that for an individual entity.Improved data accessibility and responsivenessBy having an integration in the database approach, data accessing can be crossed departmental boundaries. This feature provides more functionality and better services to the users.Increased productivityThe database approach provides all the low-level file-handling routines. The provision of these functions allows the programmer to concentrate more on the specific functionality required by the users. The fourth-generation environment provided by the database can simplify the database application development.Improved maintenanceDatabase approach provides a data independence. As a change of data structure in the database will be affect the application program, it simplifies database application maintenance.Increased concurrencyDatabase can manage concurrent data access effectively. It ensures no interference between users that would not result any loss of information nor loss of integrity.Improved backing and recovery servicesModern database management system provides facilities to minimize the amount of processing that can be lost following a failure by using the transaction approach.DisadvantagesIn split of a large number of advantages can be found in the database approach, it is not without any challenge. The following disadvantages can be found including:ComplexityDatabase management system is an extremely complex piece of software. All parties must be familiar with its functionality and take full advantage of it. Therefore, training for the administrators, designers and users is required.SizeThe database management system consumes a substantial amount of main memory as well as a large number amount of disk space in order to make it run efficiently.Cost of DBMSA multi-user database management system may be very expensive. Even after the installation, there is a high recurrent annual maintenance cost on the software.Cost of conversionWhen moving from a file-base system to a database system, the company is required to have additional expenses on hardware acquisition and training cost.PerformanceAs the database approach is to cater for many applications rather than exclusively for a particular one, some applications may not run as fast as before.Higher impact of a failureThe database approach increases the vulnerability of the system due to the centralization. As all users and applications reply on the database availability, the failure of any component can bring operations to a halt and affect the services to the customer seriously.Reference:www.hkbu.edu.hk/~shtong/tim.doc
What is the meaning of diagnostic or laboratory reagents on a backing?
Diagnostic or laboratory reagents on a backing refer to chemicals or substances that are applied or housed on a solid material for ease of handling and testing purposes. The backing provides stability and support for the reagents during diagnostic procedures, ensuring accurate and reliable results.
The process of saving information to a secondary storage device is referred to as?
Backing up.
Why do people in poor countries usually accept US dollars in payment?
Us currency has a stable backing is unlikely to suddenly lose its value and is acceptable to nearly any one that wants to trade.
The process of backing up re thinking and gathering information makes the scientific method a A-worthless process b-long process c-iterative process d-random process?
The process of backing up, re-thinking, and gathering information makes the scientific method an iterative process.
What is meant by 'backing up information'?
Depends on the context of the phrase. In the use of computers, backing up information, means to save it in more than one place incase something happens to one type of storage you used (i.e. hard drive crashes) Or if another context such as saying, "I am a great cook", backing up your information, could mean to show proof. which in this case would be to offer a dish.
Is a hard disc drive an output device?
no. it is a backing storage device. because it gives the user fast access to the information held on them.
Where can you download backing tracks or karaoke for free?
There are some free backing tracks to download. Click on the link below for more information. There's different styles of music. Rock, pop, country, r&b, dance etc., also alot of tracks have lyrics to copy for practicing.
How do you know you are right?
In some things like math and arguements, you can prove it by backing it up or checking it. In other things, look up information.
What sort of damage could result from a van backing up hill into a stopped vehicle?
Impossible to answer - nowhere near enough information is disclosed.
How do I back up my iPhone?
Backing information up on an iPhone is simple and easy. All you have to do is sign into Google Plus and save everything to your account.
How do I find financial backing for garment manufacturing?
upper backing pocket
Who is responsible when backing out in a parking lot?
The person who is backing out of the parking space
