Do ants have names

Answer 1

If you mean does one ant in a nest answer to the name of "Joe" of "Bill", or anything like that, no. There is no reason to think that ants tell each other apart, except that they can tell say queens from other ants, and big castes of ants from little and so on. They also can tell other kinds of ants from their own kind (and often they will fight them).

However, humans have names for the different kinds of ants. For instance, one of the species (kinds) of leafcutter ants we call Atta texana, the Texas leafcutter ant, and another we call Atta sexdens, or, if you like, the six-toothed leafcutter ant. Again, one of the species of fire ant is Solenopsis invicta, the imported red fire ant, and another is Solenopsis molesta, the thief ant. We call names like Solenopsis sylvestrii " (the forest fire ant) scientific names" or "biological names" and names like "red fire ant" or "forest fire ant" the "common names". A name like "Solenopsis" which is like a surname for several species we call the genus or generic name. A name like "sylvestrii" tells which species it is in the genus, and we call that the "specific epithet". The two together make up the specific or species name.

Just as we may get lots of species in agenus, so we may get lots of genera in a family. So, for example, all the Solenopsis and all the Atta and all the Formica are genera in the family of Formicidae, the family of all the kinds of ants. And the Formicidae are just one family in the order Hymenoptera, the ants plus bees plus wasps. And the Hymenoptera are just one order in the class Insecta, all the insects.

Answer 2

Ants do not have individual names like humans do. They communicate using pheromones and other chemical signals to identify themselves to other ants within the colony.