Helicobacter, commonly referred to as Helicobacter pylori, is a type of bacteria that primarily colonizes the stomach lining. It is known to cause various gastrointestinal issues, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and is associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer. Helicobacter pylori is typically transmitted through contaminated food and water, and its presence can be diagnosed through various tests. Treatment often involves a combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing medications to eliminate the bacteria and heal the stomach lining.