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Mikhail Gorbachev implemented two key policies: glasnost and perestroika. Glasnost, meaning "openness," aimed to increase transparency and freedom of information in the Soviet Union, encouraging public discussion and political reform. Perestroika, meaning "restructuring," sought to revitalize the Soviet economy by introducing elements of market economics and reducing central control. Together, these policies aimed to modernize the Soviet Union but ultimately contributed to its dissolution.

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