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Mikhail Gorbachev faced three significant crises during his leadership: the economic stagnation of the Soviet Union, the political upheaval stemming from nationalist movements within various Soviet republics, and the fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986. These crises highlighted the inefficiencies and corruption within the Soviet system, leading to a loss of public trust and increasing demands for reform. Gorbachev's policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) aimed to address these issues but ultimately contributed to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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