They are measures of different things. A watt is the standard unit of measurement of electrical power. You would state the brightness of a light bulb in terms of watts. A volt is a unit of measurement of force, or pressure, in an electrical circuit. You would describe the current coming through a wire in terms of volts. These definitions are from the TechEncyclopedia at http://www.techweb.com. I added the examples.
no.
Yes. A 60W bulb has a higher resistance than the 40W buld. The extra resistance requires more current to light up the bulb. The fillament then glows brighter.
Yes, the speakers (150W) can handle more power than the stereo (140W) can produce. If it were the other way around (stereo more powerful than speakers), that's when you burn out your speakers.
A watt is the product of amperage times voltage.
Ampire. watt/volt
Apples and oranges. You need to compare power ratings to power ratings, not power rating to voltage rating. The bigger one (probably) wins.
Probably about 180 watts, assuming 90% efficiency.
Yes, a 230 volt motor is generally more efficient and cheaper to run compared to a 115 volt motor. Higher voltage motors are more energy efficient because they draw less current, resulting in lower energy costs over time.
Yes, you can use a 10 watt 12 volt bulb instead of a 5 watt bulb as long as the fixture can handle the higher wattage. Just be aware that the 10 watt bulb will be brighter and may generate more heat, so ensure there is proper ventilation and that the fixture can handle the increased power load.
no , it will burn out
yes the bulb will actually last longer
the 220 volt bulp in 220 volt ac current