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Vent pipes are a vital part of a Plumbing system. Most importantly it cancels out any siphon or vacuum caused by the moving water. If you look under your kitchen sink you will see that it has a bend in a U shape or a P/d shape if you tilt your head, this is a trap. What a trap does is when you turn your water on it drains water but when you shut your water off it keeps some of the water to act as a barrier between the air (Smell) in the drainage system and your house. Vacuums in the system from improper venting can suck the water right out of your traps causing a bad smell and loud and noisy drain pipes. Vent pipes usually come out of most homes as well by roof and keeps all the sewer smell circulating out of the building.

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