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What are the methods of performance appraisal?
Traditional methodsAlpha/numberical ratings Forced choice rating (rating scales) Forced distribution (bell-curved) Modern methods Democratisation (360o feedback)
Is there any relationship between productivity and performance appraisal?
Espousing on the importance of performance appraisals,Linda S. Pettijohn a renowned HR scholar and others have regarded it as a fundamental part of any organization (Pettijohn et al 2001). Agreeing with Pettijohn et al, Mejia et al (1990) also averred that "performance appraisalis a process of identifying and measuring people's performance in an organization". Several researchers have defined performance appraisal systems in different ways. According to Edwards and Pinnington (2000), performance appraisal is the formal means of setting, measuring and meeting performance expectations. Bennington & Baix (2005) also describes performance appraisal as a management concept from the west aimed to improve individual and organizational performance, he further elaborates that the structure put into place for measurement and assessment of employee performance in an organization is known as the Performance Appraisal System. There are various reasons for performance appraisal systems (Mount 1984). Such reasons may be for improvement purposes or in taking decisions about an employee. Mejia et al (2004) classifies appraisal systems into developmental; for training purposes or administrative linked to promotion or termination. It is believed to be for corrective reasons such as, coaching, promotions and pay rewards (Murphy and Murgulies 2004). They are aimed at continuous improvement, annual cull; reward high achievers and enable managers address performance without conflict (Redman and Wilkinson 2009). However, despite the clear aims of performance appraisal systems, there are a number of downsides in its implementation. Brumback (2003) is of the view that performance appraisal is traditionally done via ratings which frequently turn out to be biased. Organizations therefore need to work in hand with performance management to put things in place. Mejia et al (2004) notes that worker's morale may be lowered after appraisals and this can pose problems for peers and management, he advices some measures of performance management be adopted to resolve such issues. According to the CIPD (2010), there is no right way to carry out an appraisal. It argues that some organizations appraise employees individually, collectively, via customers, managers, and subordinates. Whatever type is used, it is expected that an effect will emerge on both the appraised and his organization as past researches have recognized that there is a gap amongst managers and employees in performance management theory and its practical (Bratton and Gold 1999). An overview of the above analysis leads us to support that Performance appraisal is carried out using various methods with varying effects. In conclusion, performance appraisal system was created to be an effective way of managing employee and employer performance through identification, evaluations and feedbacks to ensure performance development. An effective performance appraisal system helps both parties to identify their weaknesses and directs them on what needs to be done to improve. A number of errors have also been associated with performance appraisal systems. That is why Soltani et al (2001) in a survey by the Institute of Employment Studies, showed that despite the fact that performance appraisal is everywhere, it often fails both the employees and the organizations. This definition however stipulates that, it is difficult to relate performance appraisals to productivity. Woodburn (2004) acknowledges this in his work, "engaging marketing in performance management", noting that performance measurement is not easily associated to productivity. Still, there is a lot of shove on it thereby creating pressure on the workforce with little or no long term gain. Apart from the fact that Performance appraisal is time consuming and costly, it may also demoralize employees who feel they have not been appraised fairly therefore, leading to fall in performance.
Performance appraisal more significant to the organization or to the individual?
Performance appraisal is a most important component of the organization and therefore could be advantageous and important for both the organization and the employees. Importance of Performance Appraisals to the organization such as performance appraisal is an elementary feature of the human resources department's contribution to an organization, effective appraisal may not only dispose of conduct and work-quality problems but capable of encouraging an employee to contribute more, company will inquire its employees to carry out"360-degree feedback" that evaluates peers and subordinates, provide the employee with an opportunity to be of greater use to an organization, the employee feels pleased and valued and lighting the approach in the direction of a successful career pathway that encourages loyalty and steadiness. As jobs become more complicated, organizations must be dependent on teams to accomplish tasks. To evaluate job performance by teams, organizations introduce team performance appraisals that evaluate the performance of teamwork on organizational performance. Team performance appraisals can range from appreciation of individual performance and its contribution to group to only an assessment of the organization's performance. When only an organization's performance is evaluated, no individual appraisals are completed and individuals do not take delivery of performance ratings.
What is the difference between performance review performance appraisal and performance management system?
Performance management is strategic, future oriented growth, flexible process linked to business needs. Moreover is a process of identifying, measuring, managing, and developing the performance of the human resources in a company.Performance appraisal is the continuous process housed in HR department for evaluating employee performance and often linked to compensation.Performance Management system enables to examine and monitor the overall performance of individual employees, departments and further include lists of accomplishments, goals and objectives, results from 360 degree feedback process, supervisor ratings and individual development plans.
What are the ratings and certificates for Angels - 1975 Appraisal 1-3?
Angels - 1975 Appraisal 1-3 is rated/received certificates of: UK:12 (DVD rating)
How important is the appraisal system in helping to create shared understandings the objectives of the organization and personal objectives of individual employees?
Performance AppraisalPerformance appraisal is the assessment of an individual's performance in an performance in a systematic way, the performance being measured against such factors as job knowledge, quality and quantity of output, initiative, leadership abilities, supervision, dependability, co-operation, judgment, versatility etc. assessment should not be confined to the past performance alone. Potentials of the employee for the future performance must also be assessed.Performance appraisal can be defined as "the systematic evaluation of the individual with respect to his or her performance on the job and his or her potential for development".A more comprehensive definition is, "Performance appraisal is a formal structured system of measuring and evaluating an employee's job and how the employee can perform effectively in future so that the employee, organization all be benefited."Performance appraisal, to common understanding, is the formal and informal assessment of the performance of the employee at work. In an informal system we are aware that superior is continually making judgments about their subordinates' performance on a subjective basis. By contrast, superiors could resort to using formalized appraisal techniques when assessing the performance of subordinate, and these judgments arc considered to be more objective. In formalized systems the terms 'performance appraisal and 'performance management' are used. Both refer to a process where by mangers and their subordinates share understanding about what has to be accomplished, and the manager will naturally be concerned about how best bring about those accomplishments by adept management and development of people in short and long terms. Also, performance would be measured using the techniques discussed in this chapter and it will be subsequently related to targets or plans. In this way the subordinate receives feedback on his or her progress.Importance of Performance Appraisal SystemsIn many organizations, the feedback on job performance is ambiguous or is given annually as a ritualistic exercise. Many subordinates therefore have trouble in gasping how their efforts are perceived by the organization. Almost every one who has worked at a job can remember times when they were unclear on how their performance was being judged.The annual performance appraisal system tends to serve only a little purpose: salary administration, training and succession planning. But this is not the sole objective of performance appraisal. These objectives will only dilute and weaken the clarity and validity of any appraisal system. Most organization ties the formal appraisal system directly to salary increase, which decrease their validity.Performance appraisal system is therefore very important for organizations to:(a) Link Salary and Status Realistically to the Performance AppraisalsMost personnel departments have a very narrow outlook to appraisals. The general view is to receive the appraisal forms at a date (which usually is the deadline), issue instructions regarding increments and promotions, receive the data regarding the same and they issue letters to the concerned employee informing of their salary increase. The appraisal process gets polluted as the appraiser and appraise have at the back of their minds promotion and salary increase, rather than performance plans and participative reviews. This dilutes the objectives of appraisal to great extent. In fact, if organizations create, a culture of continuous feedback on the performance they would be making the appraisal system more relevant. Several organizations have already started delinking performance appraisal from salary increase.(b) Making Objectives of Performance Appraisals Clear to All EmployeesIf performance appraisal should not directly be linked to salary increase the question then arises, what should the objectives of performance appraisals be that could be realistically achieved?Some suggestions:To do joint goal setting, and link the goals to the organizational objectivesTo provide role clarity by defining Key Result areas for Accounting.To establish a level of performance in the current job and seek ways of improving it.To identify potential for development and to support the total process of planningTo increase communication between the appraiser and the appraise.To identify factors that facilitate performance and other factors that hinder performance.To help the employees identify and recognize their own strengths and weaknesses. To make them assess their own competencies and how the same can be multiplied and improved.To generate data about the employee for various decisions like transfers, rewards, job-rotation, etc.(c) Focus on Developmental AppraisalsManagers should develop part ownership in the employee's future. Any good appraisal system should focus on developmental appraisal. Developmental appraisal mean that an organization needs to develop not just isolated performance appraisal tool/system, but the total frame work for the individuals development, improvement in job and level of competence and preparing employees for future jobs. Thus, appraisal of people, which is a part of the total HRD system, lies to be linked to long-term development activity and carrier planning.Organizations have to show vision for the future. Vision, strategies and objectives will give rise to individual objectives and performance standards. The immediate rewards and recognition do not lead to enduring performance and upgrading of competence and therefore are not real motivators. The appraisal as a tool not only gives the individual and the organization the idea of where the individual stands in terms of his skills, competencies and abilities, but also monitors the process of growth and development, together with the inputs that are required to develop a high level of competence by individuals.(d) Let Employees Appraise Their Own PerformanceSubordinates need feedback more often on their performance. The best way to do it is to let them appraise their own performance.Self-appraisal would;Motivate the employee to take more responsibility for his/her own performance.Focus on the job behavior only.Reduce ambiguity in performance and focus on change in job behavior.When subordinates undertake self-appraisal, they analyze their job duties and how key issues in a job they handle. Each individual may rate himself or herself.Self-appraisal may focus on cost control, communication, planning, training, delegation and decision-making. After self-appraisal, the subordinate discusses the ratings with his/her direct report or superior to get a feed back on performance. Both then come to an agreement in areas of convergence and draw a job improvement plan.(e) Create a Climate for Open Appraisals in OrganizationsIn most organizations, the concept of open appraisal is misunderstood. Open appraisal does nut mean that the appraisal ratings are shown by the subordinate, and his/her signature is then obtained. What it does mean that both the appraiser and the appraise share their views on performance with each other, identify the areas of improvement and work towards it. One of the objectives of open communication between the appraiser and the appraise is to bring them together to solve organizational problems and performance related problems. The quality of ratings is likely to improve if there is shared understanding between the appraiser and the appraise.(f) Muscle Builds the OrganizationIn today's competitive world, raising performance goals is essential. This entails analyzing the company's current situation, projecting the future, establishing higher expectations, and selling the top management on the upgrading process and developing an action plan. Muscle builds the organization by;Enhancing your own performanceAccelerating the professional growth of the best performersNot tolerating managerial performers. One cannot muscle build the organization, unless marginal performers are replaced.Developing multiple skills and competencies by worshiping success and potential.(g) Build Commitment in the WorkplaceChange is an inevitable part of manager's job. As conditions change, individual responsibilities are also expected to change. In commitment-based approach, the workplace, jobs are designed to be broader than before, team accountability is as important as individual accountability for performance. The performance expectations are high and emphasize continuous important in the workplace.
What are the ratings and certificates for Personality - 1967?
Personality - 1967 is rated/received certificates of: USA:TV-PG
What are the ratings and certificates for Personality Parade - 1938?
Personality Parade - 1938 is rated/received certificates of: USA:Approved
What is the work standard approach of performance appraisal?
Measuring an employee's performance against established standards. This process assesses employee job traits and/or behaviors. Included in this group are the following methods: the critical incident appraisal, the checklist, the graphic rating scale, forced choice, and behaviorally anchored rating scales.
What are the ratings and certificates for Her Greatest Performance - 1919?
Her Greatest Performance - 1919 is rated/received certificates of: UK:U
What are the ratings and certificates for Farewell Performance - 1963?
Farewell Performance - 1963 is rated/received certificates of: UK:A
What are four fitness ratings?
Four fitness ratings are:Low FitnessMarginal FitnessGood FitnessHigh Performance
