Managers at different levels of the organization have different information needs to better manage the tasks that are in front of them. Low-level managers, for example, do not need information about financial specifics of a company, because it is not their job to manage finances.
Information systems differ in their business needs. Also depending upon different levels in organization information systems differ. Three major information systems areTransaction processing systemsManagement information systemsDecision support systemsThe information needs are different at different organizational levels. Accordingly the information can be categorized as: strategic information, managerial information and operational information.Strategic information is the information needed by top most management for decision making. For example the trends in revenues earned by the organization are required by the top management for setting the policies of the organization. This information is not required by the lower levels in the organization. The information systems that provide these kinds of information are known as Decision Support Systems.
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Strategic management level Tactical management level Operational management level Consider information required by different departments at different levels as above i.e human resource department, financial department, marketing department, production/operations department
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Diagonal communication is when different levels within an organization share information with each other. An example of diagonal communication is when higher level management discuss new ways of achieving business goals with lower level management.
Upper communication means the flow of information from the lower levels of the organization to the higher levels of authority. It transfers from subordinate to superior as that from worker to foreman, from foreman to company manager, from company's manager to general manager and from general manager to the chief executive or the board of directors. In this way, the upward communication makes a chain Upper communication includes judgments, estimations, propositions, complaints, grievance, appeals, reports etc. It is very important because it serves as the response on the success of downward communication. Management comes to know how well its policies, plans, strategies and objectives are adopted by those working at lower levels of the organization.
The definition of internal communication is information transmissions between the members of an organization. It is sharing information on all levels of an organization for business reasons.
Downward communication involves the flow of information from higher levels of an organization to lower levels, such as when a manager provides instructions or feedback to their team. Upward communication, on the other hand, is when information flows from lower levels of an organization to higher levels, like when employees give feedback or share concerns with their supervisors. For example, a CEO announcing a new company policy to all employees is an example of downward communication, while employees providing suggestions for improvement to their managers is an example of upward communication.
An advantage of having communication go vertically is the fact that manager will be informed about the operations of the organization from employees dealing with customers directly. A disadvantage to this strategy is the fact that some employees may hold back on information.
Information is needed for decision making at all levels of management.Managers at different organizational levels make differenct types of decisions, control different types of processes, and have different information needs.Three classical levels of management include:strategictactical (middle)operational.
Information is needed for decision making at all levels of management.Managers at different organizational levels make differenct types of decisions, control different types of processes, and have different information needs.Three classical levels of management include:strategictactical (middle)operational.