Yes, a judge can dismiss a civil case if there is not enough evidence or if the case does not have legal merit.
Yes, a judge can dismiss a case before trial if there is not enough evidence or if there are legal reasons to do so, such as lack of jurisdiction or improper filing.
The plaintiff cannot - that is a judge's prerogative. The plaintiff can REQUEST that a judge consider ruling that way, but it is up to the judge as to whether he will grant it or not.
Motion to dismiss
To dismiss a case in court, a party must file a motion to dismiss with the court. The motion should include legal reasons why the case should be dismissed, such as lack of evidence or legal basis. The judge will then review the motion and make a decision on whether to dismiss the case.
YOU cannot dismiss your own case. A dismissal can only be granted by a judge. You must pay your attorney for any work that he does on your case.
You may ask the judge to dismiss. He does not have to, though.
He will usually NOT dismiss the litigants case, (UNLESS he comes to the conclusion that it is a frivolous one) but the judge WILL appoint a counsel to either take over the case, or "assist" the pro se individual.
If a case is "Nolle Prosequied" by a prosecutor, that is considered a "dropped" case. A dropped case is different from a dismissed case. Only a judge can 'Dismiss" a case.
A hearing to determine whether evidence can be used. If it was obtained with probable cause or not or otherwise illegally or simply may not pertain to the case
Case disposed means that a case has been dismissed, withdrawn or resolved. The judge that presides over the case has the power to dismiss or resolve the case.
Yes, if the case was dismissed "without prejudice."
No. If you are the plaintiff (i.e.: civil case), you can dismiss your case at any time. If you are the defendant, you would have to settle with the plaintiff for them to dismiss the case. In a criminal case, it the statute has a fine schedule associated with it, you may be allowed to do so, or the state may agree to dismiss your case in exchange for something they need, or will allow you to plead guilty to avoid trial.