Federal judges are chosen by

Answer 1

Title 28, United States Code, section 133:

§133. Appointment and number of district judges.

(a) The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, district judges for the several judicial districts, as follows:

Districts

Judges

Alabama:

Northern

7

Middle

3

Southern

3

Alaska

3

Arizona

12

Arkansas:

Eastern

5

Western

3

California:

Northern

14

Eastern

6

Central

27

Southern

13

Colorado

7

Connecticut

8

Delaware

4

District of Columbia

15

Florida:

Northern

4

Middle

15

Southern

17

Georgia:

Northern

11

Middle

4

Southern

3

Hawaii

3

Idaho

2

Illinois:

Northern

22

Central

4

Southern

4

Indiana:

Northern

5

Southern

5

Iowa:

Northern

2

Southern

3

Kansas

5

Kentucky:

Eastern

5

Western

4

Eastern and Western

1

Louisiana:

Eastern

12

Middle

3

Western

7

Maine

3

Maryland

10

Massachusetts

13

Michigan:

Eastern

15

Western

4

Minnesota

7

Mississippi:

Northern

3

Southern

6

Missouri:

Eastern

6

Western

5

Eastern and Western

2

Montana

3

Nebraska

3

Nevada

7

New Hampshire

3

New Jersey

17

New Mexico

6

New York:

Northern

5

Southern

28

Eastern

15

Western

4

North Carolina:

Eastern

4

Middle

4

Western

4

North Dakota

2

Ohio:

Northern

11

Southern

8

Oklahoma:

Northern

3

Eastern

1

Western

6

Northern, Eastern, and Western

1

Oregon

6

Pennsylvania:

Eastern

22

Middle

6

Western

10

Puerto Rico

7

Rhode Island

3

South Carolina

10

South Dakota

3

Tennessee:

Eastern

5

Middle

4

Western

5

Texas:

Northern

12

Southern

19

Eastern

7

Western

13

Utah

5

Vermont

2

Virginia:

Eastern

11

Western

4

Washington:

Eastern

4

Western

7

West Virginia:

Northern

3

Southern

5

Wisconsin:

Eastern

5

Western

2

Wyoming

3.

(b)

(1) In any case in which a judge of the United States (other than a senior judge) assumes the duties of a full-time office of Federal judicial administration, the President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, an additional judge for the court on which such judge serves. If the judge who assumes the duties of such full-time office leaves that office and resumes the duties as an active judge of the court, then the President shall not appoint a judge to fill the first vacancy which occurs thereafter in that court.

(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), the term "office of Federal judicial administration" means a position as Director of the Federal Judicial Center, Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, or Counselor to the Chief Justice.

Answer 2

On a local and state level, judges are elected by the people in November. Supreme Court judges are nominated by the President as per the Constitution but a Senate committee interviews/questions/interrogates them (a "Senate hearing") before the appointment can be confirmed (or rejected!) by the Senate.

Answer 3

Federal judges are nominated by the president (often on advice of a senator), and confirmed for office by the Senate itself.