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Big question with a very long answer. To keep it short, there are two types of modern legal systems - Civil Law, instituted by Napoleon Bonaparte, where the judge asks all the questions and makes the decision - this is used in most of Europe and Louisiana. The second type, common law, is used throughout the US and most of the British Commonwealth. This relies on Cases, previous decisions. A close analogy would be to say that it is like the accumulation of corporate knowledge, the more we learn and develop, the smarter we get.

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