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All piracy is motivated by greed, but Henry Morgan was for the most part a privateer, used by England during the wars with Spain. Although "officially" censured and later prosecuted, Morgan was never convicted or imprisoned, and retired from piracy as a wealthy man and governor of Jamaica.

He first plundered the Mexican coast at the behest of Lord Windsor, governor of Jamaica in 1665, and was granted letters of marque by Sir Thomas Modyford, who had been removed from the governorship of Barbados and replaced Windsor in Jamaica. When peace was made with Spain, many pirates were either unaware of this, or decided to plunder Spanish ships and colonies in spite of orders to desist. Morgan was arrested but tried and acquitted, and received a knighthood in 1672. He became Lieutenant Governor and then acting governor of Jamaica from 1674 to 1681.

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