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A proposed amendment to the Constitution starts out as a standard piece of legislation. It is written just like any bill, except it specifies an Amendment to the Constitution. There are additional requirements as to the number of people in Congress who must approve it above the number of usual approvals for an ordinary bill. Then it goes to the President for either his signature or veto. If he signs it or Congress overrides the veto, then the proposed amendment is sent to the states for approval.

If 3/4 of the states approve the amendment, then it becomes effective. Most proposed constitutional amendments have a time limit, nowadays it's seven years. If 2/3 of the states don't approve it within the time limit it is dead. If there is no limit the amendment can be approved at any time as long as 3/4 of the states at the time of approval do so.

The 27th Amendment set a limit on the pay of Congress, it was one of the two proposed amendments as part of the Bill of Rights, but didn't get 2/3 of the states at the time, and languished for over 150 years. Back in the late 1970s and early 1980s, some people, mad at Congress, urged more states to approve it. Once it got 38 states approval, the Archivist of the United States certifies this, then notified Congress it was approved as a new Amendment. Even though there were only 13 states at the time it was written, it has to have 2/3 of the number of states at the time of ratification, so it has to have 38, which is just over 2/3 of 50.

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