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In Federal courts

All the courts of general jurisdiction in the US Judicial Branch (US District Courts, US Courts of Appeals Circuit Courts, and the US Supreme Court) have federal question jurisdiction, or authority to hear or review cases involving constitutional and federal law.

The US District Courts have original jurisdiction (are trial courts) for most cases; appellate courts do not retry cases, but evaluate appeals in light of whatever specific issues the attorney for the losing party raises. Constitutional issues are first addressed at the trial level, in the US District Court.

While the US Supreme Court is the ultimate arbiter of constitutional law, they are able to review only 1-2% of the cases petitioned each year. Many issues are resolved at the District or Circuit Court level using precedents established in earlier cases and judicial review by the lower court judges.

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