The Supreme Court of the United States has nine judges, called justices.
For US and most state Distict Courts - there is no set number of judges assigned. There is a sufficient number assigned to hear the caseload of that paricular court but since they all hear cases individually and no cases are heard "En Banc" at District Court level the number of judges assigned to that particular court is not germaine.
A "bench of judges" typically refers to a group of judges who hear and decide cases together in a court. This can be referred to as a "panel" or "court," depending on the jurisdiction and the number of judges involved. In higher courts, such as appellate courts, a bench may consist of three or more judges. The term "full bench" is used when all judges of a court convene to hear a case.
Courts that hear cases involving young people are known as juvenile courts.
District courts hear cases on topics assigned to them by Congress, and federal courts hear cases regarding constitutional law and treaties.
Federal courts may hear civil cases or criminal cases.
State courts hear far more cases than federal courts.
Misdemeanors and civil cases
Yes, federal courts do not have jurisdiction over divorce cases. Divorce cases are typically handled in state courts.
The US District Courts hear approximately 80% of new federal cases; the US Court of International Trade and US Special Courts hear the remainder of the cases under original jurisdiction.
They hear cases that violate your US Constitutional rights.
They don't. Appeals courts ONLY hear cases appealed to them from lower/inferior courts.
Yes, appeals courts hear cases that are being appealed from lower court decisions. That's what they are for.