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Juvenile courts are courts of original and special (or limited) jurisdiction.
This question is vague, because "pleading" means many things. It could be the actual document you file, or it could be a specific statement in that document that you plead. Assuming you want to know what the pleading is called, the answer depends on jurisdiction. In Federal courts, for example, the initial pleading of a plaintiff is called a "complaint." In states that closely follow the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the word complaint is usually used to describe this pleading. In other state courts, the initial pleading of the plaintiff is known as a "petition," as in a petition to the court for an award of damages. If the question more generally asks what "first pleading of the plaintiff in a civil action" means, you can understand it as the first document filed by the plaintiff that initiates a lawsuit. In it the plaintiff identifies himself and his opponents, the defendants; sets out why jurisdiction and venue are proper; lays out his cause(s) of action against those defendants; and describes the damages he seeks. Different jurisdictions have different requirements on how specific this needs to be.
Courts have universal jurisdiction.
The probate courts in Georgia have an appellate jurisdiction. This means that these courts can receive appeals from the lower courts in the Georgian jurisdiction.
Trial level, Appellate level, Supreme Court.
Jurisdiction
"Original" jurisdiction.
US District Courts are trial courts, the entry point of the federal court system. A case reaches the federal district courts when someone commits a federal crime or is sued under federal jurisdiction.
General Jurisdiction courts are State Courts and Federal District courts (Including appeals and Supreme courts). Specific/Limited Jurisdictional courts are courts which can only hear certain. There are tax courts, bankruptcy courts, patent and copyright court....
Exclusive jurisdiction means that court is the only court with jurisdiction. Concurrent jurisdiction means two courts have jurisdiction. For example, federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction to try bankruptcy cases. State courts may not hear them. However, the state and federal court may share concurrent jurisdiction over a civil suit regarding a debt. Pertaining to courts, a court with "exclusive jurisdiction" has power in certain areas or over certain persons (subject matter) to the exclusion of all other courts. Concurrent Jurisdiction: Authority possessed by two or more different courts to hear and decide on the same matter within the same territory. The choice of which court will be used is left up to the plaintiff. Note: Military bases, for example, have their own military police and have exclusive jurisdiction for that particuliar Post/Base, and sometimes to outlying areas surrounding the Base or Post that is in their exclusive jurisdiction. However, certain highways, roads, surrounding the said military Post/Base, can be enforced by local or military police.
Subject matter jurisdiction is the authority of a court to hear the type of case that is brought before it. It is jurisdiction over the type of claim brought by the plaintiff. For example, a small claims court only has subject matter jurisdiction of claims up to a certain dollar amount. Federal courts have jurisdiction over claims involving federal laws.
courts of limited jurisdiction.