Claims
A Trial
The issue
If the US Supreme Court is the first to hear a case, the Court has original jurisdiction.
A court case brought from a lower court to a higher court is called an appeal. In an appeal, the higher court reviews the decision made by the lower court to determine if any errors were made in applying the law.
It is called a remand.
a lawsuit
The suspect
It can be anything. It depends on the court and the context of the case. Retrial
Remand
The judge in a Roman court case is called praetors (PREE-tuhrz).
case files
The brief would be called amicus curiae.